The protection of consumer welfare

The assurance of shopper government assistance Presentation The assurance of shopper government assistance is a basic government activity. There are striking monetary difficulties related with low salary families. In this manner, policymakers must think about the usage of serviceable financial methodologies. This is fundamental in making cost and request balances (Arnold 2010, pp. 10).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The security of shopper government assistance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a run of the mill economy, different buyers delineate assorted inclinations for different merchandise. It is crucial to grasp how approaches have suggestions on the predominant market patterns. It is important to dissect the buyer conduct and inclinations inside explicit economies. This paper presents a handy way to deal with strategy suggestion on the buying pattern inside the market. The paper applies a theoretical methodology, with the examination of the inclination pattern of products X and Z. The Household Preferences over the Two Goods with Similar Policy Implications on the Household Items In Terms Of the Utility and Level of Consumption of the Two Goods Convex lack of concern bends are widely utilized in the investigation of monetary strategies. In this situation, the presumptions on the speculative merchandise are shown. Great X is estimated along the flat hub. Then again, great Z is estimated along the vertical pivot of the arched bend. The two arrangement choices can be examined from the raised bend. The idea of â€Å"diminishing minimal utility† directs the idea of the arched bend to be applied in the examination (Fakhrul Islam Jabbar 2010, pp. 26). In setting up the suitable family inclination for the two merchandise, the standard of â€Å"diminishing minor utility† might be relevant. The principal strategy advocates for the arrangement of the family unit with a voucher. The voucher is interchangeable for a particular amount of the great X. Noticea bly, the subsequent recommendation advocates for the contribution an enhancement dependent on the pay. This is to be adequately applied in purchasing the benefit of comparative amount.Advertising Looking for exposition on shopper law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A typical family unit utilization inclination is appropriate for the acknowledgment of equivalent arrangement impact (Mceachern 2012, pp. 34). This identifies with the utility and level of the utilization of the two products. Given the two merchandise, X and Z, the family unit can characterize its inclination. Subsequently, the family unit can orchestrate these inclinations in a request. In this specific circumstance, the inclinations stay total. The approaches give an equivalent position and hugeness. The chart beneath shows the activity of typical family inclination important for the equivalent activity of the two arrangements. (From Gilbert 2004) The Househol d Preferences over the Two Goods with Potentially Different Policy Implications on the Household Items In Terms Of the Utility and Level of Consumption of the Two Goods To accomplish this point, the transitivity inclination of the family is appropriate. A significant suspicion can be drawn from this affiliation. The divergence demonstrates that there is more inclination for a specific decent (Schotter 2009, PP. 45). Hence, it tends to be found that if X is liked to Z, the facts confirm that the family unit has a spatial inclination. The transitivity inclination condition is prominent in this affiliation. The variations on the effect of these two strategies radiates from the distinctions in inclination for the two merchandise, X and Z. At the point when the family delineates a more elevated level of inclination for a specific decent, the other is probably going to be reduced. On the other hand, the less favored great might be provided in less amounts in the market. The law of â€Å" diminishing minor utility† might be pertinent in clarifying the fluctuations in client inclinations (Feldman Serrano 2006, pp. 46).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The security of purchaser government assistance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, these potentially affect strategy detailing. Strategy creators perceive the significance of drawing in open investment forms. There is a possible sign from a positive arrangement on the utility or utilization level of a particular decent. The fundamental ramifications is that most purchasers want to use merchandise that have most favored characteristics. It is accepted that the family unit might be happy with any arrangement upholding for a specific decent or item. The chart beneath demonstrates the condition of inclination wherein the buyers are in an ideal situation. (From Gilbert 2004) Explanation of the Possibility of Occurrence of a Substitute Effect Associated With Either of the Above Policies Most markets are probably going to encounter a substitute impact. The effects of substitute impacts are constantly seen in the interest of different products. The impacts of any change inside the cost urge the customers to pick a specific decent. These customers are bound to buy a particular decent. This pattern might be because of its decrease in cost. A subsequent ascent or increment in the cost of merchandise is probably going to cause a move in the example of procurement (Mceachern 2009, pp. 59). There will undoubtedly be an event of a substitute impact inside any market. In this manner, inside any run of the mill economy, the shoppers are bound to purchase products that retail at extremely low costs. The association of replacement and pay impact may likewise assume a significant job in the advancement of replacement. The salary of the family unit may move. This is because of famous financial components inside the whole market.Advertising Searching for exposition on shopper law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Fundamentally, replacement impact alludes to the change on the utilization pattern. Replacement impact may involve the adjustment in the usage designs. This happens because of a change remarkable inside relative costs of merchandise inside the market. This pattern can be seen in the activity of different clients or customers. This is consistently because of the famous patterns inside the general market. There is a clear chance of event of a substitute for both of the items under setting (Mceachern 2012, pp. 78). This can be because of a few elements. There are a few factors that may prompt the rise of this example. In the current time, different components assume a huge job in purchaser conduct and inclination. Accordingly, there is a high chance of event of a substitute impact. An Explanation Whether the Policies May Succeed At Both of the Goals Ideally, it is outstanding that these two approaches are not liable to prevail at both of these objectives. The contending request and flex ibly are significant variables inside the general market. In a perfect world, there are numerous components that decide the market harmony (Schotter 2009, PP. 71). Note that the various elements related with advertise designs are basic. The differences saw in the family unit inclination are basic. Especially, this is in the assurance of the accomplishment of the two strategies. Economic situations inside any economy are defenseless to both outer and inner variables. These elements collaborate to reduce the chance of presence of an ideal market . Consequently, there will undoubtedly be a condition of difference in the activity of these two strategies. The client inclinations are bound to control the market request and flexibly drifts. Aside from these, there are other outer elements that may prompt the advancement of remarkable inconsistencies. These incorporate climate conditions, tastes, and winning design inside a specific economy. Pay is a significant factor in the assurance of w inning business sector patterns. By and large, high or expanded pace of pay raises the interest plan. Subsequently, these positively affect the degree of flexibly. The harmony point signifies the basic point inside any market. In any case, even in balance states, clients have the ability to distinguish themselves with popular and important items. There are different methodologies that may be applied. Presentation of new items with lower showcase costs is conceivable. This methodology is probably going to move the focal point of interest inside the market (Mceachern 2012, pp. 112). Aside from this, there is a likely move in the purchaser premiums inside the general market. The presentation of the third great is probably going to help in the move in the essential focus of intrigue. The inclination incorporates one of the indispensable components that direct the overall economic situations. The chart beneath demonstrates the probability of event of a substitute impact between the two m erchandise. Thusly, this has noteworthy effect on the strategies. (From Gilbert 2004) Calculation of the Firm’s Cost Minimizing Input Combination and the Corresponding Level of Minimum Cost It is assumed that the organization is by and by encountering the states of a short-run. The firm additionally has a fixed degree of K at 25 units. In this way, the count of the firm’s limiting information mix and the relating level of least expense is as per the following: Production work = Q = K0.5L0.5 Q = K0.5L0.5 = (8 X 0.5) X (4 X 0.5)â = 2 X 4â = 8 Cost work TC = FC + VC FC = Q FC = K0.5 X L0.5 FC = 8 x 0.5 X 4 x 0.5â = 8 TC 8 + 24â = 32 Cost minimization MC = MR (where MC speak to minor expense and MR speak to peripheral income) MC = change in TC/change in Q TC = C X Q 25X4X8 = C X Q = 800 †C Q = (800 †C) C TC = 800C †C^2 MR = MC 800 †C^2 = 32 800 †32 = 2C 768/2 = 2C/2 C = 384 (least cost) Q = 384/8â = 48 units (least units) Calculation of the Input Combination the Firm Will Use In The Long Run and the Corresponding Level of Minimum Co

Caravaggio Free Essays

Exasperating Michelangelo Aggravating, most prominent Italian Baroque craftsman, was conceived in 1573. He had an unpredictable character and a difficulty character, which he frequently become inebriated and got include into a battle. In 1605, he submitted a homicide and was sentence to death yet he had been working in significant Churches of Rome. We will compose a custom article test on Caravaggio or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Thusly, he had a significant companion, Cardinal Del Monte, who turned into his support and helped him to escape from Rome to Naples, where he was all the while painting a great deal of mind boggling works. In 1610, Aggravating was allowed pardon by the pope, so he chose to return to Rome. Sadly, he had a fever and kicked the bucket at the sea shore. Irritating presented new style of painting called Naturalism, painting individuals and things genuinely as they are while Renaissance period attempted to paint everybody and everything looks wonderful, excellent garments, gorgeous, blossom in sprout and organic product appear to be prepared to eat, However Aggravating painted revolting individuals, destitute individuals in old battered garments, bloom that was passing on or natural product that was going spoiled. He attempted to get his painted far from perfect of magnificence. This is another thought, which was new advancement of Western workmanship, to think as they may be. Irritating had numerous works center around picture of maggot, that was mean destitute individuals, yet additionally individuals becoming inebriated, prostitute, player, individuals getting battle and criminal operations. He had a great deal of well known work right off the bat was David and Goliath, David holding the head of Goliath, which Goliath head was his self-picture on the grounds that Aggravating has been sentence to death; his head ought to be cut off, however he escape previously, Therefore he painted David show feel sorry for monster and that for caused individuals to feel sorry for him. Furthermore, SST. Mathews Martyrdom, another celebrated picture, was another method of painting. Killer was in a middle and the light was center around killer not a Saint. Thirdly, Cardsharps, betting picture, was an image of rich kid cheated by poor kid, who had additional cards taken care of his belt despite his good faith, and elderly person, who was peering over rich young men shoulder and motioning to his young accessory. He likewise had a ton of another popular work, for example, the craftsman as Bacchus (divine force of wine), Judith deadheading Holystones, The selling out of Christ, Doubting Thomas, and The Conversion of SST. Paul and so on. A considerable lot of his topic upsetting viciousness, murder and execution yet individuals can suffocate by his image more than Renaissance period, that even an image was incredibly lovely, individuals regularly felt separate from the artwork. Individuals may respect the image of individuals falling into the damnation in The Last Judgment by Michelangelo, however they didn't feel truly compromise by it not at all like Aggravating composition. Exasperating By Peppy The most effective method to refer to Caravaggio, Papers

New Organizational Structure of Toyota Motor Corporation Case Study

Question: Examine about theAnalysis of Effectiveness of New Organizational Structure of Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Presentation Toyota Motors Corporation is a worldwide association fabricating autos. The enterprise has its home office in Japan and works specialty units over the world. The association has become a main maker in the car business (Gregory, 2015). To endure the adjustment in the business for the past more than multi year, the organization has executed a few changes in the association to improve development, advancement and strength of it vehicle brand of (Toyota-global.com, 2016). This paper investigation the viability of Toyota Corporation the executives to embrace the new authoritative structure utilizing Lewins unfreezing change refreeze model. The paper will incorporate the change drivers, techniques utilized and the administration of obstruction together with hierarchical culture among workers of the association. Foundation Context The Corporation has for long time utilized the customary chain of importance authoritative structure to oversee it organizations. This bureaucratic technique had been brought together the organizations choices to the partnerships central station in Japan. It necessitated that choices be done from headquarter at that point diverted down to the specialty units around the globe. It denied specialty units from settling on custom-made choices that were important for the particular unit activities. The specialty units were likewise not ready to impart thoughts to each other. This hierarchical structure prompted forms that didn't include esteem the Corporation in the present universe of business (Gregory, 2015). It didn't support developments and appropriation of innovation making the company less serious. The adjustment in the authoritative structure began in 2000. This was because of business development that prompted various workers around the globe. It began by initiating smoothing work force association model (Sako, 2004). This has upgraded sharing among workers in the association that has advanced development in the specialty units and the enterprise when all is said in done. In 2011, the organization sketched out another Toyota worldwide Vision. For the accomplished of the vision, the organization thought that it was imperative to change and execute another authoritative structure (Toyota-global.com, 2016). This structure has been examined and dissected in the paper. Attributes of the Toyota New Organizational Structure The organization has had a division hierarchical diagram. This structure has been rearranged to have the accompanying highlights; Worldwide chain of importance: This element guarantees that the organization keeps up it top initiative from the central station. In spite of keeping up this component, the association has expanded forces of directors in different levels to settle on choice. Provincial and organizations unit administrators were permitted to settle on choices and report straightforwardly to head office in Japan. Topographical divisions: the new authoritative structure has sketched out eight divisions. These districts work freely and report to headquarter. This element empowers the areas to enhance the items and administration according to the necessities of the locale. Item based divisions: The new authoritative structure perceives four item based division for the organization. The trademark is intended to improve brand advancements of the Toyota item. It likewise offers support for product offering advancement. Lewins Organizational Change Model in Toyota Motors Corporation This hypothetical model assists supervisors with actualizing change in their associations successfully. It plots the basic stages and techniques to be utilized to lessen obstruction, questions and vulnerabilities from representatives in the association. The model includes three phases; unfreezing, change and refreezing of progress in an association. They are talked about beneath; Unfreezing Stage This is the initial step of actualizing change. It includes breaking of the current culture and status in the association that new can be made. It likewise includes the top administration imparting and making it understood the goal and advantages of the change. Compelling treatment of this stage lessens obstruction from the representatives of the association (Senior and Fleming, 2006). For this situation of Toyota Motors, the top administration must be associated with imparting to youngsters the requirement for embracing the new hierarchical structure. The point of the Toyota hierarchical change is to receive a structure that decentralizes choice made to permit accomplishments of it vision of making items that are earth well disposed and feasible development. Change Is the subsequent stage and includes the execution of the arranged change. The method for doing things is received in this stage. The new activities are seen by representatives occurring in this stage. The representatives are tended to how the change is going to profit them. For this situation of Toyota Motors, Decisions are urged to be done on the site. Territorial and specialty unit administrators settle on choices by utilizing the data on the site. This will show the directors and representatives how quick, accommodation and dependable the choices made on the site are instead of trusting that choices will be produced using central command. Refreezing This is the third and last phase of overseeing change. It includes balancing out executed change. This stand includes techniques that inspire junior chiefs and representatives to grasp and practice change. For the proposed change in Toyota engine Corporation, this stage will include systems that elevate junior supervisors to embrace settling on choices and continually surveying choices to encourage the viability of the change. The senior administration can configuration remunerates that can go about as impetuses for the lesser administrators to rehearse change actualized. Change Drivers The change and rearrangement of the Toyota Motor Corporation hierarchical structure have been driven by the accompanying; Need to catch and pass on purchaser conclusion: There has been expanding requirement for the organization to join clients sentiment in their item. This has prompted expanded need to get the direct data and be utilized to settle on choice in individual locales. Requirement for speedy choices: Due to the dynamism in the market, there has been a developing requirement for snappy brief choices to improve reliable execution. Unified choices were tedious and did not depend nearby data. In this manner, requirement for brief choice activated hierarchical change. Requirement for expanded control: The Corporation has increments in size and requirement for control to upgrade proficiency and adequacy has expanded. This has required consistent check by on location the executives to guarantee that the exercises are in accordance with the associations plans. The survey and proposals of supervisors on location help deal with the specialty unit and it condition. This guarantees the choices taken are adequate to the close by networks. New correspondence innovations: The progression of imparting industry has made it simple for the association to offer help to directors in all levels. This has settled on it accommodation for choices to be made nearby with accessible conference roads. Explicit Strategies for Implementing Change in Toyota Motors Company They incorporate; Rearranging the top managerial staff Decreasing the official dynamic framework New structures to empower nearby dynamic New structures to guarantee outside assessment is tuned in to and utilized in dynamic. Overseeing Resistance and Culture in the Organizational Change Process of Toyota Company Protection from change is basic when executing change. It the job of the companys top supervisors to lessen obstruction among junior and representatives during the usage procedure. Top administration ought to guarantee away from for viable usage of progress (Senior and Fleming, 2006). They ought to guarantee that the change is bolstered by the lesser and workers. This will make it simple for them to change. The top directors ought to likewise take a shot at representatives perspectives to maintain a strategic distance from negative on work mentalities that can diminish assurance in the association. Hierarchical changes do change the associations culture. The new authoritative structure received by Toyota Motors is changing the administration culture in the association and presenting a specialist culture where anyone can instruct and be educated (Toyota-global.com, 2016). The new culture advances development I the association permitting and joining clients assessment in the items fabricated. End From the investigation over, the Toyota Motors Corporation association structure change is an opportune vital change for the organization. The change advances development and consolidation of clients assessment in the items that the organization is producing. The change additionally will guarantee that the partnership produces items that are earth well disposed and improve manageability. The viability of the usage of the authoritative change relies upon the adequacy of the top administration of the organization to apply systems suitably to accomplish the arranged change. Along these lines, the change in authoritative structure of Toyota Motors will empower the organization grow and make items that the clients need. References Floyd, P. (2002). Hierarchical change. Oxford [England]: Capstone Pub. Gabriel, K. (n.d.). Hierarchical Development, Organizational Culture and Organizational Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Gregory, L. (2015). Toyotas Organizational Structure: An Analysis - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Accessible at: https://panmore.com/toyota-hierarchical structure-investigation [Accessed 12 Oct. 2016]. Hermalin, B. (n.d.). Hierarchical Fixed Costs and Organizational Structure. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ladi, S. (n.d.). Globalization and Europeanization: Analyzing Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Pasmore, W., Woodman, R. what's more, Shani, A. (2010). Research in organi

Prediction that Capitalism Would Destroy Itself - 275 Words

Prediction that Capitalism Would Destroy Itself (Essay Sample) Content: Name of the StudentName of TutorCourse TitleDate of Submission Joseph Schumpeters prediction that capitalism would destroy itselfJoseph Schumpeter believed that capitalism was the best system economic system, as opposed to socialism (Seldon 156). However, the renowned economist predicted that capitalism would destroy itself over the years (Bodvarsson and Berg 9). Joseph Schumpeter observed that he was actually analysing economic trends across the globe and was therefore, not guided by political persuasion (Gripsrud 54). The focus of this essay is on the two main convictions that Joseph Schumpeter saw as the antecedents to his argument on the demise of capitalism. In the first place, Schumpeter developed the notion of creative destruction, a term that he used to describe the end products of innovation within capitalistic regimes (Bodvarsson and Berg 9). However, Schumpeter believed that the tools that are employed by capitalism such as the analysis of macro variables c an be misleading and could therefore lead to disastrous outcomes (Gripsrud 54). However, Schumpeter noted that capitalism was well acquainted with the development of new products and process that made previous ones obsolete (Seldon127). In essence, the destructive process as envisioned by Schumpeter would revolutionize capitalism and bring in a new structure. Another factor that can be deduced from the extrapolations of Schumpeter is based on the virtues of capitalism (Seldon133). According to Schumpeter, capitalism is characterized by steady but gradual aspects of growth. These gradual patterns are not easy to detect in the short term. Therefore, any defects in the capitalistic system might not be corrected within reasonable time. In conclusion, Schumpeter predicted that capi...

My Experience At My Mini Unit On The Civil Rights Movement

This week I attended all five days of block teaching. Monday was a boring day, because the students were learning the basics of PARCC testing. I just sat there and observed while they took their practice test. The rest of the week Tuesday through Friday I got to teach! I taught my mini unit on the civil rights movement. It was a four day unit and the students really enjoyed it. Having the opportunity to have complete control for four whole days was amazing and a great learning experience for time management. I was able to go at my own pace and my lessons were able to spill over into the next day (this happened a few times). It was so refreshing to not feel rushed and the students got to learn more at their own pace. I really got the feel for classroom management and how planning for a whole week feels like. Since this week was my mini unit week my mentor didn’t teach at all. Therefore I can’t really answer the question of what effective classroom instruction or procedur es my mentor used. I did receive very thoughtful feedback both verbal and written on my week of teaching from my mentor. If I have to answer this question I would say my mentor is very thorough and detailed when she gives feedback to both the students and me. I am currently having the best block experience I could ever ask for so I again (same as the weeks before) do not have any concerns at the moment. I think my mentor is the best fit for me and I am learning so much from her and the students. I reallyShow MoreRelatedWorld War One Essay4745 Words   |  19 PagesQuestion and answer format of everything in world war 1 1. Machine guns: These weapons were first used in the American Civil War to devastating effect. But with World War One their effectiveness reached frightening new levels. 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Conflict Essay- English - 1596 Words

Synthesis Response Conflict is the true test of an individual’s internal strength and understanding, encountering conflict can evoke an individual to reassess their values, morals and beliefs’, staying true is the best way to deal with the animosity. It is through this that social order can deteriorate into conflict and anarchy with disturbing ease; it is a fear of difference and is not always easy to distinguish the innocent from the guilty in contesting situations. Conflict can be the struggle between the protagonists or antagonists against nature, contradictory emotions or opposing forces, manipulating an individual to fulfill the desire of one’s unmeasured flame. Applying a prevailing and emphatic depth into the concept of internal and†¦show more content†¦The sensory details of touch and sight enhances the emotion that Big Brothers controlling government manipulates all internal aspects of an individual. The present reality will be conformed through the party’s laws, traditions and ideology’s, distorting the truth and all the authenticity divulged within life. The audience conveys that as derealisation enhances the alteration in the perception or experience of the external world appears to be eccentric and unreal; the environment resembles an absence of spontaneity, emotional colouring and depth, contrasting to the authenticity of reality. The psychological connections between Winston Smith and Othello are formulated through the internal battle to stay true to core values, morals and beliefs when dealing with the animosity. The conflict of the party being enabled to control and manipulate the encounters of the past, formulating an altered present truth while subduing the minds of innocent humans erupts. The internal strength and understanding of Winston Smith becomes embroiled and absorbed through the power and manipulating force of the party’s propaganda. 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Sharing her experiences as an adolescent posing to be her mother for respect, Tan develops a frustration at the difficulty of not being taken seriously due to one’s inabilityRead MoreThrough My Creative Writing And Reading Experience, I Have1156 Words   |  5 Pagesclass, I have chosen the genre of creative non-fiction. My focus will be literary essays that address humanity’s universal desire for a sense of identity and belonging; these essays will be written from a personal perspective, containing anecdotes, internal conflicts, and external opinions. Free verse poetry is one of the reasons I became a writer. In high school, it was my outlet to express myself. When I took English 240 (Regent University), I wrote a poem titled â€Å"Open City,† and I was convincedRead MoreThe Life Of A New Language And An Invisible Woman By Writers Eva Hoffman And Bharati Mukherjee Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesembrace a distant set of ideals is a difficult task. Naturally, an inner conflict arises within a person as to whether they should discard the old values in favour of the new ones and become a member of the new country, or to retain the old values and therefore remain estranged from the new citizens. To cope with this struggle, a person might manufacture two identities: one of the old country and one of the new country. In the essays â€Å"Life in a New Language† and â€Å"An Invisible Woman†, writers Eva Hoffman

Free Sample on Pathophysiology Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Pathophysiology. Answer: Case study 1 1. The patient is having primary aldosteronism or hyperaldosteronism or Conns Syndrome. Additionally, the high level of sodium and potassium in blood indicates hypernatremia and hyperkalemia. It is caused by the hyperaldosteronism (Ashton Acton 2012). 2. The condition is primary; thus, the patient is having a symptom of primary hyperaldosteronism. The symptoms of the patient are indicating that the patient is having an irregular blood aldosterone and rennin ratio. The primary aldosteronism includes the common features including hypertension, hypokalemia and alkalosis. The laboratory tests would reveal high serum aldosterone, low serum rennin, high blood pressure and high-resolution CT abdomen. The patient is having high serum aldosterone and low rennin with high potassium and low sodium in urine (Ashton Acton 2012). Additionally, the bradycardia with depressed ST segment in ECG report is also indicating hypertension that is a symptom of primary hyperaldosteronism. Additionally, the patient is facing frequent urination which is also a sign of the primary disorder. Low rennin concentration is the major indicator of primary hyperaldosteronism. 3. The ST depression in ECG result is causing due to coronary insufficiency. This is due to the changes in electrolyte level in blood serum. Decreased extracellular potassium causes myocardial hyperexcitability. The changes or imbalance in the electrolyte, especially, potassium increases the amplitude of U wave and T wave flattens, ST depression occurs. Therefore, ECG changes are mainly due to changes in potassium level in blood serum (Ashton Acton 2012). 4. In Conns syndrome, blood aldosterone level enhances that enhances the activity of sodium-potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane of kidney and epithelial sodium and potassium channels, thereby increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. The symptoms lead to increased extracellular sodium and reduced extracellular potassium. 5. While assessing muscle strength, the patient showed the grade of 3 bilaterally. The bilateral muscle weakness indicates weakness occurring on both sides of the body. The grade 3 muscle weakness refers to the movement against gravity, but no movement against added resistance that is a sign of muscle weakness (Ashton Acton 2012). The proper balance of electrolytes in blood is important for proper functioning of muscles. The low serum potassium level causes muscle weakness. The low potassium level and electrolyte imbalance in the blood leads to osmosis and low acidity in blood are the major cause of muscle weakness, as potassium is important for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contract. 6. A cross-sectional analysis revealed that plasma aldosterone is related to high BP. In hyperaldosteronism, the extracellular sodium level increases with decreased potassium. Increased salt increases the blood pressure with low potassium level. Sodium reabsorption and retention lead to high blood pressure. 7. In the hyperaldosteronism, the increase in aldosterone enhances the activity of sodium-potassium channels and ATPase, thereby increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. The sodium retention increases blood pressure. High blood pressure increases glomerular filtration rate and release of potassium through urine (Ashton Acton 2012). 9. The ABG diagnosis of the patient indicates Alkalosis. Patient's pH is 7.5, that is 7.45 and CO2 is 35. Also, the patient's HCO3- is 26, i.e. 32. Therefore, the signs indicate metabolic alkalosis. It is one of the symptoms of primary hyperaldosteronism. 10. The excess secretion of aldosterone enhances the permeability of sodium and potassium through the membrane channels; sodium level enhances more than the level of potassium loss. It leads to alkalosis and more sodium ion (cation) elevates blood pH (Ashton Acton 2012). 11. The patient has the syndrome due to potassium imbalance; therefore, potassium-sparing diuretic would be suitable, i.e. Spironolactone, as this medicine will help to increase body fluid and prevent too much loss of potassium. 12. The first recommendation would be to consume salt-free diet. The second recommendation would be to consult with an expert physician like endocrinologist. 13. Potassium-sparing medication, aldosterone antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorscan help the patient to reduce his symptom related to the Conns syndrome. In the further case, surgery can be suggested (Ashton Acton 2012). Case study 2 1. The patient is going through the stage 3 intracranial hypertension with the sustained increase of ICP with small changes. At this stage, the CPP decreases with increased systolic pressure and dilated blood vessels in the brain. The results lead to increase cerebral blood volume with high leukocytes and protein level. Lowered CPP led to unconsciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow (Myers 2012). 2. The Biots breathing pattern was identified in the patient. The patient was diagnosed with low breathing rate, 30/minute with no crackles and 61bpm heart rate. The symptoms were related to the respiratory pattern that can be characterized by the clusters of rapid respiration of equal depth followed by regular apnea. Based on the breathing pattern, it can be said that the damage is in medulla oblongata due to uncal or tentorial herniation (Myers 2012). 3. The patient is having small purple rashes on his arms, legs and check. This rash is known as the purpura which is red or purple and arises due to the bleeding into the skin. These rashes do not blanch with pressure, indicating meningitis rashes. 4. The Brain edema increases intracranial pressure leading to brain injury. The meningitis mechanism is indicating that crossing blood-brain barrier leads to vasogenic edema and then the huge amount of white blood cells enter in CSF and the inflammation leads to interstitial edema. The cytotoxic edema also occurs due to decreased blood flow (Myers 2012). The breakdown of tight endothelial junction allows intravascular proteins to penetrate the barrier and the edema spreads with the entry of water into gray matter, thereby swelling occurs. The activation of the immune system enhances the secretion of immune mediators, leading to inflammation. 5. The organism when crossing the blood-brain barrier, it causes the activation of the immune system leading to inflammation. The swelling leads to increased pressure within the skull and enhanced ICP; it lowers CPP. Lowered CPP enhances the blood pressure (Myers 2012). 6. Meningitis leads to the inflammation or swelling of the brain leading to increased intracranial pressure. After crossing the blood-brain barrier, the organism activates the immune system and enhances the secretion of various mediators; it influences the entrance of white blood cells in CSF, thereby enhancing pressure in CSF leading to intracranial pressure. 7. pH is 7.56 that is higher than the normal rate and it indicates the alkalosis. On the other hand, the pCO2 is 25 mmHg that is lower than the normal rate; normal range is 35-45. The normal rate of pHCO3 is 22-28 mEq/L. Therefore, the HCO3 level is normal in patients blood. Overall, respiratory alkalosis is found (Myers 2012). 8. The doctor preferred lumbar puncture instead of a blood test because the bacteria Neisseria meningitides spread and divide in cerebral spinal fluid and the immune response against the organism also occurs in the CSF. The organism would not be found in blood; therefore, to isolate the organism lumber puncture was done (Myers 2012). Case study 3 1. Ms. Myocardium experienced acute myocardial infarction or heart attack due to the blockage of left anterior artery. In this condition, the patient had undergone shock that is known as the cardiogenic shock. It is the condition when the heart is unable to pump blood needs by the body. 2. Ms. Myocardium experienced heart attack due to 95% occlusion of left anterior artery. It is a major hindrance in normal blood flow through the circulatory system. At this condition, due to major blockage, the heart becomes unable to pump enough blood to cells through the blood vessels. Therefore, blood flow reduces. It leads to low blood pressure (Hjemdahl et al. 2012). 3. Due to 95% blockage of left anterior artery, the heart becomes unable to pump blood through the blood vessels. The amount of blood and red blood cells reduces in the blood vessels; thus, the patient looks pale. For the similar reason, the patients body is cold (Fryar et al. 2012). 4. The blood test found the presence of creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) which is the most specific and sensitive indicator of acute myocardial infarction or heart attack. The LDH2 is also a significant cardiac marker as it indicates hemolysis or tissue breakdown. The presence of blood myoglobin indicates very recent injury to the heart or skeletal muscle, therefore, the chance of occurrence of heart attack (Hjemdahl et al. 2012). 5. The presence of creatine kinase (CK-MB) indicates heart muscle injury instead of skeletal muscle damage. A high level of LDH2 indicates the occurrence of myocardial infarction. However, myoglobin is not much specific for myocardial infarction. Its presence indicates muscle tissue damage (Fryar et al. 2012). 6. The Q wave indicates the normal left-to-right interventricular depolarization. It indicates an artery of heart is blocked. The ST segment indicates the ventricular depolarization. However, ST elevation in myocardial infarction indicates the full thickness elevation of the affected area (Hjemdahl et al. 2012). 7. The TPA is the most common drug used for the therapy of thrombolytic patient such as a heart attack patent. It is important for dissolving the blood clot in the anterior left artery which led to the blood clot. IT would help to clear the blockage (Fryar et al. 2012). 8. The ejection fraction is 30%. It indicates the heart failure is Systolic heart failure. 9. Indigestion- Blockage of fatty deposits in an artery reduces the blood supply to the heart. Blockage leads to poor blood circulation that can signal abdomen leading to indigestion, for poor oxygen supply (Fryar et al. 2012). Pain between shoulder blades- The damaged tissue in heart or pain in blocked artery sends the signal to the spinal cord leading to shoulder pain. Tachycardia- It is characterized by left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction due to the myocardial infarction (Hjemdahl et al. 2012). Reference List Fryar, C.D., Chen, T. and Li, X., 2012. Prevalence of uncontrolled risk factors for cardiovascular disease: United States, 19992010.NCHS data brief,103, pp.1-8. Hjemdahl, P., Rosengren, A. and Steptoe, A., 2012. Stress and cardiovascular disease. London: Springer-Verlag London Ltd. Myers, T., 2012. Meningitis. Cork: Publish on Demand Global LLC. Ashton Acton, P., 2012. Advances in Hyperaldosteronism Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition. ScholarlyEditions.

Investment Philosophy Essays - Investment, Finance, Investor, Risk

Investment Philosophy The Care And Feeding Of Your Investment Philosophy If you are making a list of tasks you should accomplish in 1988, here's one to add to the list: Establish a well-balanced investment plan that suits your personal financial needs and goals. Every investor from the newest to the most experienced needs to develop or redefine an investment philosophy. The cornerstone of that philosophy should be a realistic attitude toward risk and return, especially in today's volatile financial markets. What is your personal comfort level with risk, emotionally and financially? The first step is to acknowledge your investment objective. Are you investing capital to earn income on which you will live? If so, you should probably choose the most conservative investments unless you are so well off that you can afford to take some risks. If you are investing capital to realize appreciation for a future purpose, such as retirement, you may want to be more aggressive than an investor for income would be, but how much more depends on a number of factors: Are you single or married with children and other dependents? Are you just beginning your career, heading into your peak earning years or ready for retirement? Will you need to tap your nest egg in the near future, or can you earmark a portion of your funds for long-term growth? Also important: your financial goals, your family's tax bracket and, above all, your earning power and investment temperament. Earning Power. Generally speaking, as your income rises so does your suitability for investments of above-average risk. If, on the other hand, your salary and savings are small but growing - keep risk taking to a bare minimum. Maintain only solid investments for your portfolio. U.S. Government Securities, insured certificates of deposit, high quality corporate or municipal bonds, and high quality common stocks offer you reasonable safety at a steady rate of return and they should form the base of almost every investment portfolio. If you can count on future income - or a sizable accumulation of assets - to cushion possible investment losses then perhaps you will want to consider opportunities that may carry greater risk, but also offer greater potential for profit. One way to do that is to invest in small companies with superior growth prospects or mutual funds that have a diversified portfolio in such stocks. In addition to income and net worth, measure your future cash needs, such as college tuition bills. Investment Temperament. Some people are more disposed than others to taking risks, and common sense suggests avoiding investments that leave you feeling uncomfortable. An investment of slightly above-average risk may set one investor's heart beating with anticipation - and another's beating even faster with apprehension. One helpful rule of thumb: Never invest in anything if you still feel nervous after investigating all of its pluses and minuses. Aggressive and timid investors alike can hedge risk by heeding the following five suggestions: Investigate before you invest. Careful research of potential investments often unearths the small but revealing details that, if nothing else, give you a clear idea of the kind of risk you will be taking. The greatest risk an investor can take is not knowing all the risks. Don't put all your eggs in one basket. In a word, diversity. Losses taken on one investment can be offset by gains in another. An experienced financial advisor can suggest ways to hedge risk through diversification. Set limits, and stick to them. Against their better instincts, investors often hang on to poor pertormers in the hopes they will bounce back given enough time. It takes discipline to set sell limits and stick to them, but in the long run you'll come out ahead if you do, because you'll know exactly how much you are risking before you buy. Monitor investments and the investment climate. Be prepared to adjust your holdings when research indicates it may be time to sell or when your own goals change. Similarly be alert to changes predicted for the general investment environment. If respected market analysts forecast rough weather, consider cutting your risk exposure. Conversely, consider increasing it - in line with your own risk boundaries - when the outlook turns favorable. Always Match Risk to Reward. This is possibly the most important rule

woman in nigeria Essay

woman in nigeria Essay woman in nigeria Essay Woodland Football Team The Woodland football Varsity team is more than just â€Å"a team† to most. To man it is a family, like a group of brothers! People can misunderstand how much more than just a sport football can be. Football is one of the most popular sports in America and it is not only known for how close a team bonds but a protection for one another like a brother. Football is also greatly known for the amazing physical contact of the sport. Football is more than just a sport, it’s a way of life because you can learn so much from it such as to keep pushing yourself, and work together as a team. Many people speak, and spread rumors of how we are not a very good type of role-model to look up too because many believe we are jerks. This however is way off and not true! I will admit none of us are perfect, but then again who is? We are all average students at Woodland high school. Most however are actually motivated to get better grades than most. This is because to even play on the team there are grades we all must have so this is the extra push that helps us achieve such high academic goals. On top of that succeeding in the sport and academically in high school will help us get into college. As a team we go through losses, wins, and practices in the blazing hot sun that’s way harder than most can believe. After two hours of continues hard sweaty work, any man would just want to give up and quit, but we pull together as a team to finish practice strong and conquer the game. Before every home game we have delicious bonding team dinners, and stay close together every day a t lunch. The locker room has been the place we’ve had some of the best times, in cheer and dancing, to teammates in tears from defeat. But no matter what the setting is, we go through it together, as a team, a community, and a family. All these experiences bring us close together to accomplish one goal, defeat the opponent

Disucssion question about teaching ELL learners in their own langauge, Essay

Disucssion question about teaching ELL learners in their own langauge, and do i - Essay Example In practice, this is a complicated question. Too often, students are taught exclusively in their native language, and never encouraged to learn the new language. Research bears out, it takes years to develop an understanding of a new language, so it is beneficial for the student to continue learning in their home language and allow time to solidify knowledge in the new language. One has to ask, does bi-lingual education mean teaching all ELL learners in predominant ELL language of the geographical area? If not, then how could students of more obscure languages find adequate instruction; surely, not all public schools can accommodate Vietnamese or Russian students without greatly sacrificing the quality of instruction. In theory, I don’t think there should be a question of whether it’s necessary. A democratic society doesn’t have to ask if it â€Å"believes† in multi-culturalism, as pluralism is inherent in the very foundation of our republic. What I know, is that by not encouraging bi-lingualism and progressively defined education, our nation will distinguish the flame of creativity that has carried America to international prominence over the last two

Intercultural communication in language class of culturally diverse Essay

Intercultural communication in language class of culturally diverse students - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to present two case studies identifying two major issues that come in the management of inter-cultural learning for students (World Bank, 2010). The study will be focused on the barriers among students of various cultural backgrounds. It will also elaborate how these students as learners of English as Secondary Language (ESL) respond to the difficulties? The study is comprised of two case studies and will incorporate the case scenario, its discussion and critical evaluation for each case study and will conclude with a formal conclusion. In the English language class one third of my students were from China including Zhang Li, and the rest were mixed of various nations. In learning English language class, the Chinese students were tend to be shy, introvert and reserved. They were poor in communication other students and with instructors and not very often participate in the class discussions. All members of the Chinese group including Zhang Li used to live, st udy and play together. Their attitude showed a fear and hesitation in self-expression. They were very conscious of using English as a medium of interaction. They tend to ignore the cultural aspects of the language and often confused while using phrases and explaining contexts. Moreover, all the Chinese and in particular Zhang Li, felt chauvinistic about their own Chinese culture and were obsessed with fear of interacting with foreign culture. While in English language class their belief on ethnocentrism held them back from developing cultural relations with the American culture and language.

Food Regulations in the Usa Essay Example for Free

Food Regulations in the Usa Essay Everyone has heard the stories about mad cow disease and other food-borne diseases coming into the United States from countries such as United Kingdom and China. Besides that locally, foodborne illnesses are among the top of deaths within the United States. Cause of these deaths, most could be prevented if better rules and regulations were in place federally and locally in the United States. In this paper I will be discussing insight on how the US Government can improve the effectiveness of state and local food safety programs. Food safety responsibilities at the state and local levels reside in too many agencies (health, agricultural, industry, etc. ) With all of these agencies it is hard for all of them to cooperate together when detecting and reporting said incidences to the federal level. Without an effort to build a comprehensive national regulation that cover the three basic elements of prevention, detection, and rapid response. When it comes to the area of surveillance, there is a lack in the communication chain between federal agencies, state, and local health agencies. A good example of this lack of surveillance was back in 2008, when Federal Drug Administration found traces of melamine in infant milk products. However, the FDA concluded melamine or cyanuric acid alone, at or below 1 part per million in infant formula do not raise public health concerns in babies. (2008 Chinese milk scandal) Melamine is a toxic chemical that can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. According to FDA scientists, melamine can be absorbed into the blood stream forming clots that can cause kidneys to malfunction. United States FDA’s limit was put at 0. 63 mg, but was later reduced to 0. 63 mg daily. The World Health Organization’s food safety director estimated that the amount of melamine a person could stand per day without incurring a bigger health risk, the tolerable daily intake (TDI), was 0. 2 mg per kg of body mass (â€Å"Melamine†) To eliminate such risks from entering into the United States, FDA needs to improve on monitoring and/or inspection of the food safety practices of foreign food producers and suppliers. A solution to this surveillance problem would be improved communications and collaboration between federal agencies, state, and local health jurisdictions involved in food safety surveillance. As well as promote access to information from multiple passive foodborne outbreak surveillance databases by federal, state, and local health jurisdictions such as Pulse-Net. With better surveillances put into place, the next step would to concentrate on the inspection and regulation phases. There was an article written in 1956 (Eat, drink, amp; be wary, 1956) that explains how FDA does not regulate everything the same. The article goes on to explain about how Florida oranges and the additives that are used and how three of the dyes were deemed â€Å"highly toxic. It also states that if the FDA were to make new laws, which can take years for them to be passed. Another way is to mandate uniformity in product dating so consumers and regulators can differentiate between production dates, â€Å"sell by† dates, â€Å"use by† dates, and if dates are based on food safety concerns or product freshness considerations. Woteki amp; Kineman wrote an article entitled â€Å"Challenges and approaches to reducing foodborne illness† how the science of foodborne illnesses are accelerating faster than laws that can protects against said illnesses. While American consumers benefit from one of the world’s safest food supplies, the existing framework is a patchwork of laws and regulations that are frequently inconsistent and lag far behind current scientific knowledge of the risks posed by foodborne pathogens and toxic chemicals. (Woteki, Kineman, 2003) With proper regulations now in place, working on proper inspection procedures would be the next step to ensure safer food being imported and exported within the United States. Federal government needs to support continued development of a uniformed food safety inspection program for all state and local health jurisdictions and encourage its adoption through federal funding. The FDA has been working on this by developing Model Retail Food Standards. (NEHA, 2011) However, to improve the regulations that are needed the FDA have areas for improvement; such as encouraging (but not mandate) more uniformity in regulatory codes nationwide. Another solution in the inspection process would be to have a secure database where all the proper documents to be accessible by user-defined personnel. There was an incident where a local health department had to file a request for a copy of the most recent inspection of a food manufacturing plant from a certain federal agency. By the time that request was processed, six months had passed and the inspection was outdated and useless. (NEHA, 2011) Overall, the United States does ok in the prevention and detection of severe cases of foodborne illnesses. However, I believe that the FDA should do a better job in communicating with state and local government to better prevent and detect said type illnesses. Again some ways that could happen is to try to get a uniformed code of regulations across nationally. Now by doing this I am not saying we will prevent foodborne illnesses totally but we, as a nation, would be better off to indicate and be able to take the corrective actions needed.

Class, Socialization, and Politics Essay -- Political Socialization an

Elections are at the core of the American political system. They are the way we choose our government, the source of government authority, and a means by which the people can influence public policy. For most Americans, voting is the only form of political participation. Essential questions to ask concerning these issues are: Who votes and why? What influences people to become voters? And what influences how they vote? It is important to approach these issues from a sociological standpoint addressing such matters as socialization and social stratification. Socialization is a gradual process that takes place as we grow up. It is the process that aids in developing attitudes and opinions that allow us get along within a society. These beliefs affect the political views we hold later in life. Through social agencies such as family, schools, peers, and media we become aware of social rules and develop a social identity. (Introduction to Sociology Pg. 96) A product of this development is political socialization, which is the process of learning political attitudes and behaviors. The idea of political socialization helps in providing the answers to the questions concerning who votes. It aids in explaining how and why people participate in politics. The strongest agent in political socialization is the family. What this means is that most children adopt beliefs similar to those held by their parents. Therefore most people will believe in and vote for issues that are important to members of their family’s. The extent to which an individ ual is involved in the political process is shaped by his or her family’s level of involvement. For example, a child is less likely to vote if they are raised by parents who don’t regularly go to the polls on Election Day. Children of course, don’t always copy their parents’ political learning’s, but are often heavily influenced by them. As a result, most people end up favoring the political party that their parents generally identify with. Social Characteristics also affect how an individual will participate in politics. Whether a person is young or old, black or white, rich or poor, northerner or southerner will have a heavy impact on his or her political opinions and behavior. Class may be just as important in shaping people’s political opinions and behaviors. The term social class refers to one of the systems of structured... ...rank of middle class tend to have a much lower level of involvement in politics while those who rise above the line feel quite the opposite. Granted there will be deviant cases that can on some level disprove these theories. But on the grand scale, class remains as the supreme cause of such severe division among the attitudes expressed by the American people. Bibliography 1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hammond, John L. The Politics of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behavior. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1979. 2.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doppelt, Jack C. and Shearer, Ellen. Non-Voters: America’s No Shows. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc., 1999 3.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bailey Jr., Harry A. and Katz, Ellis. Ethnic Group Politics. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, 1969. 4.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Houtman, Dick. Class and Politics in Contemporary Social Science. New York: Walter de Gruyter Inc., 2003. 5.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Catt, Helena. Voting Behavior: A Radical Critique. London: Leicester University Press, 1996. 6.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Giddens, Anthony, Duneier, Mitchell, and Appelbaum, Richard P. Introduction to Sociology: Fourth Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 2003.

Ancient Egypt and Education Essay

Egypt, the gift of the Nile, is situated in the northern part of the African continent. Ancient Egypt was a desert country watered only by the Nile River which flooded the country from August to October, leaving behind a very rich black earth. The river flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The government of Egypt was autocratic, ruled by a king called Pharaoh who had absolute power. The kingdom started in 3400 B.C. when under the leadership of Menes, the first Pharaoh, Memphis in the north and Thebes in the south merged together and Egypt became a united country. The name Pharaoh meant â€Å"great house† which referred either to the palace or to the duties of the king. The land was owned by the Pharaoh who divided it among his nobles and the priests who owned large portions of the land for religious purposes. The common people tilled the land and gave large portions of their produce to their overlords, nobles, and priests. The Egyptians were polytheistic. They worshipped the sun god, Ra or Amon Ra, and Osiris , his female counterpart, the good god, who judged the dead. Their son, Horus, was god of day, and Set or Seth was their Satan. The Egyptians were firm believers in life after death, hence, they built many temples. Egyptian civilization dates back to 5000 B.C., the start of its recorded history. * Training of scribes. Scribes were in great demand to record the transactions of ecclesiastical and commercial business. This was the most coveted profession at that time. * Religious. This aim was to inculcate proper respect for the gods and the pharaoh who was also considered as god. * Utilitarian. The father wanted to transfer to his son his skills in his occupation and the mother to her daughter the skills in keeping house. * Preservation of cultural patterns. Those in charge of Egyptian education, the nobles and priests, wanted to preserve their cultural patterns, the Egyptian civilization. * Religious education. This was predominant as the priests wanted to inculcate in the minds of the learners proper respect for the gods, moral conduct, and a preparation for life after death. * Vocational-professional education. This was also predominant because they wanted to perpetuate the artistic skills that embellished their temples and other buildings and their wonderful achievements in engineering and architecture. * Military education. This was only for the sons of the nobles. * Education for public administration. This was for those who aspired for positions in the government because the pharaoh needed many assistants to implement his desires. * Priesthood education. This was for those who aspired to become priests. * Home arts education. This was largely vocational and offered to women. The Egyptian woman was accorded higher regard than in other Eastern countries at that time. They could even inherit the throne. * Writing, reading, and language education. The Egyptians used the hieroglyphics form of writing (from the Greek words hieros, â€Å"sacred† and glypho, to carve). These were pictures or signs that represented ideas. The hieroglyphics were great in number but later they were simplified into what was called hieratic (sacred) and later still into a form called demotic. * Reading, writing, and language. The learners learned the language of their respective vocations, especially commerce. * Religious and secular literature. They studied aphorisms, proverbs, moral judgments, etc. * Artistry in metals and lapidary. * Mathematics, especially geometry and surveying , were studied due to the frequent inundations of their field which washed away the landmarks which had to be replaced. * Subjects in astronomy, engineering, architecture, physics, medicine, embalming, dentistry, and law were taught in the temple schools by the priests. * Music, dancing, playing the harp, cymbals, drum, lyre, guitar, tambourine, and clapping to rhythm. * Sports, games, and physical education with swimming, wrestling, archery, and hunting and fishing taken as vocations and avocations. * The military schools offered training in the use of the bow and arrow, battle ax, lance, mace, and shield. Egypt became a military power in the ancient world from 1600 to 1400 B.C. Education was under the control of religion. This was a part of early Egyptian culture. * Home. The home provided for basic education. Home skills and rudiments of right and wrong were taught at home. * Temple schools. The temple schools were for higher education, especially for the professions such as engineering, architecture, medicine, dentistry, surveying, etc. * Military schools. These schools were only for the sons of the nobles; their purpose was for defense and aggression. * Court schools. To these schools went those aspiring for a public office and those taking up law. Law was taught by a corps, Pharaoh’s corps of public officials, part of a function of priesthood. * Vocational schools. These were schools of arts and trades. * The young studied at home, usually with the mother as teacher. * At age 5, the boys attended the reading and writing schools under the priests if the parents could afford to pay the school fees. At 17, the boys entered the schools that offered their vocations. * Apprenticeship. This was the dominant method especially in the lower and the vocational schools. * Dictation, memorization, copying, imitation, repetition. These were standard practices in teaching especially in the lower grades. * Observation and participation. These were also standard practices of teaching, especially in the vocational courses. * Although some lay teachers were allowed to teach in the lower schools, the teachers in the temple and higher schools were always priests and scribes. Flogging was used to penalize failure to learn. The pupils and students had to pay a certain amount of school fees even in the lower schools. Hence, education was not universal. Outstanding Contribution to Education The outstanding contribution of the early Egyptians to education were probably geometrical measurement and surveying. They were the first to use these two mathematical techniques and their mastery was due to the annual inundation of their fields by the Nile River, necessitating the remeasuring of their fields again and again and restoring the landmarks lost during floods. After centuries of progress, Egypt declined. Some historians trace the cause to the refusal of the priestly class to change the accepted rules and practices. The old prevented the young from learning further because of apprenticeship. But the chief cause was â€Å"the incapacity of the Egyptian mind to ascend from the practical and empirical to the scientific and universal. Conceptual thinking, reasoning, creative imagination, and intellectual curiosity were foreign to them. They saw in knowledge only a means of practical advancement; they had love of knowledge for its own sake.†

Importance Of Economic Market Structure - 3611 Words

Importance of Economic Market Structure In today’s economy, before an investor or any organization makes a strategic decision to begin production of a product, a market analysis is done to get vital information and to thoroughly understand the domestic or international demand, current suppliers, entry and exit barriers into a market, and the cost of producing a product or service. From gathering this information a firm can identify the market structure the product will enter, find out potential long-run profitability, survivability, incentives and cost efficiency. In this paper I will describe the characteristics of these four market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly while providing an†¦show more content†¦It is important to keep in mind that this is a theoretical model. Real data does not exist, and the model does not precisely describe reality.† (Amacher Pate, 2012) This perfect market is based on assumptions that are used as a model for other markets to be compared to. The assumptions are; large amounts of buyers and sellers, ability to account for changes in the consumer demand, homogenous product, excellent or perfect knowledge, and free entry or exit into the market. In today’s market there is no one firm that can meet all the assumptions listed above but a good example would be farmers. If a farmer produces too much produce it wouldn’t affect the market price. In particular, one field of corn is irrelevant to the entire market. This kind of competition is not price makers they are price takers. Everyone in the market sells the product for the same price. Seeing as every farmer has the same information for growing crops, there is no difference in product which means if someone wanted to sell a bundle of corn for six bucks and everyone else was selling it at five bucks, being in a perfect competition and having a homogenous product, consumers would prefer to buy the less expe nsive product, so to ensure profitability for the market everyone sells at market price. In short and long run context,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of Economic Market Structures1406 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Economic Market Structures Before an organization or investor makes a strategic decision to enter a product in today’s economy, a thorough market analysis is vital to fully comprehend the domestic and international demand, current suppliers, entry and exit barriers present, and cost of production for the product or service being provided. 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